Ilineni ingenye yezindwangu ezindala kakhulu ezaziwayo esintwini, ehlonishwa ngokuphefumula kwayo okukhethekile, ukuqina, nobuhle bemvelo. Isuselwa esitshalweni se-flax, le ndwangu eguquguqukayo ibilokhu ilukwa ekuphileni kwansuku zonke kwemiphakathi izinkulungwane zeminyaka, kusukela ekusongeni kwemidumbu yaseGibhithe kuya kumatafula acwebile amakamelo okudlela anamuhla. Ngokungafani nezinto eziningi zokwenziwa, ilineni linikeza inhlanganisela eyingqayizivele yokuqina nokuthamba okuthuthuka ngokugezwa ngakunye, okwenza kube ukukhetha okusimeme kubathengi abanakekela imvelo. Eminyakeni yamuva, isidingo selineni sikhuphuke kakhulu njengoba abantu befuna ezinye izindlela zemvelo esikhundleni sezindwangu ezenziwe ngophethiloli. Noma ngabe ubheka izingubo, okokulala, noma ilineni lasendlini, ukuqonda izici zale ndwangu emangalisayo kubalulekile. Lo mhlahlandlela obanzi uzohlola umlando ocebile, ukukhiqizwa kwesimanje, izinzuzo, nokusetshenziswa okusebenzayo kwelineni, kanye nokuphendula imibuzo evamile ngokunakekelwa kwayo nokuphila isikhathi eside. Ekugcineni, uzoba nokwazisa okujulile kokuthi kungani ilineni lihlala liyintandokazi engaphelelwa yisikhathi kwezokugqoka nezindwangu zasekhaya.

Ubufakazi bemivubukulo buphakamisa ukuthi ilineni ibilinywa futhi ilukwe iminyaka engaphezu kuka-30,000, kanti izingcezu zakuqala zatholakala emiqolobheni yangezikhathi zasendulo eGeorgia. Kodwa-ke, abaseGibhithe lasendulo yibona abaxhumana kakhulu nendwangu, beyisebenzisela izingubo, izindwangu zokungcwaba, ngisho nemali. Imicu ye-flax yayigqitshwa kakhulu kangangokuba kwesinye isikhathi yayibizwa ngokuthi "igolide elimhlophe," futhi ikhwalithi yezingubo zomuntu zelineni yayivame ukukhombisa isikhundla sakhe emphakathini. AbaseGibhithe basungula amasu ayinkimbinkimbi okusonta nokuluka i-flax babe yilineni ecolekile ngokwedlulele, eminye yayo esekhona nanamuhla eminyuziyamu emhlabeni wonke. Imiphakathi yasendulo yamaGreki namaRoma nayo yamukela ilineni, iyithanda ngokuphola kwayo ezindaweni ezishisayo nangokukwazi kwayo ukugezwa ibe mhlophe okucwebezelayo. Empeleni, abapristi baseRoma babegqoka izingubo zelineni, futhi indwangu yayivela kakhulu ezimweni zenkolo nezomkhosi. Inqubo yokufaka emanzini, yokuhlwaya, nokukama isitshalo se-flax yacwengwa emakhulwini eminyaka, yabeka isisekelo selineni esiyaziyo namuhla. Lobu buchwepheshe bakuqala bokucubungula i-flax bubonisa ukuthi ilineni ilukwe ngokujulile kangakanani emlandweni wempucuko yabantu.

NgeNkathi Ephakathi, ilineni yaba yisisekelo somnotho waseYurophu, lapho izifunda ezinjengeFlanders, Normandy, ne-Ireland zakha izimboni zasemakhaya ezichumayo ezazigxile ekutshalweni kweflaksi nasekulukeni. Ilineni yayisetshenziselwa konke, kusukela ezingutsheni zabampofu kuya kumakapheya asebukhosini, futhi ukukhiqizwa kwayo kwakuvame ukulawulwa kakhulu kunezinye izindwangu ngenxa yokubaluleka kwayo. Ngekhulu le-16, abakoloni baseYurophu baletha iflaksi emazweni aseMelika, lapho yachuma khona ezindaweni ezipholile zaseNew England naseCanada. Nokho, iNguquko Yezimboni yashintsha kakhulu ukukhiqizwa kwelineni. Imishini yokuhluzela nokuluka, eyayiqale yakhelwe ukotini, yaguqulwa ukuze isetshenziselwe iflaksi, okuvumela ukukhiqizwa ngobuningi kanye nezindleko eziphansi. Nakuba ukotini wagcina esethathe indawo yelineni njengendwangu evame kakhulu ngenxa yentengo yawo ephansi, ilineni yagcina idumela layo lobunethezeka nekhwalithi ephezulu. Intuthuko ezindleleni zokwenza mhlophe nokuqedela yaqhubeka ithuthukisa ukukhanga kwelineni, iyenza ibe mhlophe, ithambe, futhi ikhange kakhulu esigabeni esikhulayo sabantu abaphakathi. Ikhulu le-19 labuye labona ukuvela kwezimboni zelineni emazweni anjengeBelgium naseNyakatho Ireland, okusagcwele udumo ngelineni yazo ecolekile kuze kube namuhla. Le nkathi yaqinisa isimo selineni njengendwangu ekhethekile, ifa elisaqhubeka nokuthonya imibono yanamuhla.

Namuhla, ilinen ikhiqizwa ezindaweni ezahlukene zomhlaba, kanti iFrance, iBelgium, iChina, neItaly zihola ngekhwalithi nobuningi. Inqubo yokukhiqiza iqala ngokuvuna isitshalo se-flax, esibe sesiyarettwa (ukuvumela umswakama wemvelo ukuba wehlise iziqu ezinokhuni), somiswe, futhi siphulwe ukuze kuhlukaniswe imicu. Le micu mide, ebushelelezi ibe isiphindwa ibe yintambo bese ilukwa ibe yindwangu emishinini yokuluka ekwazi ukukhiqiza izinhlobonhlobo zokuthungwa nezisindo. Ubuchwepheshe banamuhla bethule izingxube ezihlanganisa ilinen nekotini, usilika, noma imicu yokwenziwa, okunikeza ukumelana nemibimbi okuthuthukisiwe noma ukunwebeka kuyilapho kugcinwa umuzwa wemvelo. Phakathi kwezinhlobo ezivame kakhulu zelinen yilezi: ilinen emsulwa, engu-100% flax, kanye nezingxube zelinen ezineza ukunwebeka noma ukucwebezela. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kunezinhlobonhlobo ezifana nelinen enzima yokufulela ifenisha, enesisindo esiphakathi nendawo yezingubo, kanye nelinen elula lase-lawn elisetshenziselwa amasudi nezimbande. Intshisekelo ekhulayo kwezemfashini esimeme nayo igqugquzele ukuthuthukiswa kwelinen ephilayo, ekhuliswa ngaphandle kwezibulala-zinambuzane ezakhiwe noma umanyolo wokwenziwa. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, imboni yezindwangu ibone ukuvuka kwentshisekelo emicini yemvelo, futhi izinkampani ezifana ne-Ci-sheng, ezinolwazi lweminyaka engu-45, manje sezinikeza uhla olubanzi lwezinketho zendwangu yemvelo, okuhlanganisa ilinen, ihemp, iramie, nezindwangu eziphilayo. Emabhizinisini afuna izinto zokusebenza zekhwalithi ephezulu, ukuhlolaIndwangu Yelineni ikhasi lomkhiqizo linganikeza imininingwane ebalulekile mayelana nokuthola impahla nokwenza ngendlela oyifisayo.

Enye yezinzuzo ezidume kakhulu zelineni ukuphefumula kwayo okuhle kakhulu, okuvumela umoya ukuthi ugeleze ngokukhululeka endwangu, kugcine umzimba upholile futhi womile esimweni sezulu esishisayo. Isakhiwo esingumgodi semicu yeflax siphinda sikhiphe umswakama esikhumbeni, okwenza ilineni ibe ukukhetha okufanele ezingutsheni zasehlobo nasezindlalweni zokulala. Ilineni iqine ngendlela emangalisayo—empeleni, ithathwa njengenye yezintambo zemvelo eziqine kakhulu, ngamandla ayo okuqina adlula awekathoni. Lokhu kuqina kusho ukuthi izingubo zelineni nezindwangu zasendlini zingahlala amashumi eminyaka uma zinakekelwa kahle, futhi ziba thambile futhi zithambeke kakhulu ngokuwashwa okuphindaphindiwe. Ngokombono wokusimama, ilineni iyingqwele: iflax idinga amanzi amancane kakhulu nezibulala-zinambuzane ezimbalwa kunezikotini, futhi yonke ingxenye yesitshalo ingasetshenziswa, kushiye imfucumfucu emincane. Ukukhiqizwa kwelineni nakho kukhipha izinga eliphansi lekhabhoni uma kuqhathaniswa nezindwangu zokwenziwa, futhi ngenxa yokuthi ilineni ibola kalula emvelweni, ayifaki ekungcolisweni kwe-microplastic. Kulabo abagxile ezindwangwini zasendlini ezingenabungozi emvelweni, ukukhetha ilineni yezinto zasendlini ezinjengamashidi, amathawula, namatafula isinqumo esinesibopho. Ukwengeza, ilineni ngokwemvelo ayibangeli ukungezwani komzimba futhi imelana namabhu namagciwane, okwenza kube ukukhetha okunempilo kulabo abanalezi zinkinga zokungezwani komzimba. Lezi zinzuzo zemvelo nezokusebenza zibeke ilineni njengento ebheke phambili emhlabeni oya ngokuya ukhathazeka ngokusimama.

Ukusebenza ngobuningi kwe-linen kubonakala ekusetshenzisweni kwayo okubanzi kokubili emfashinini nasekuhlobiseni ikhaya. Emhlabeni wezingubo, i-linen idume ngokudala izingubo zasehlobo ezigelezayo, amahembe aphefumulayo, namabhulukwe anethezekile, avame ukuthandwa ezindaweni ezishisayo nezipholile. Abaklami bayithanda i-linen ngenxa yokuthungwa kwayo kwemvelo nokugoqeka kwayo, okunikeza izingubo ukubukeka okukhululekile kodwa okucwengekile. Ngaphandle kwezingubo, i-linen iyisisekelo ekhaya: kusukela kumashidi ombhede acwebile namakhava e-duvet kuya kumathawula athambile nama-napkin, i-linen yengeza ukuthinta kokunethezeka okungaqondile ezindaweni zokuhlala. Amakhethini enziwe nge-linen avumela ukukhanya kwemvelo ukuba kungene ngenkathi enikeza ubumfihlo obuthambile, futhi isisindo sawo sisiza ekulawuleni izinga lokushisa. Enye yezinto ezisetshenziswa kakhulu ngokwesiko itafula, elisetshenziswa ezimweni zokudlela ezingakahleleki nezingokwesiko. Uma wake wazibuza ukuthi kuthiwani ngetafula ngeSpanishi, igama lithi "mantel," futhi ama-manteles e-linen ahlobise amatafula okudlela aseSpain izizukulwane ngezizukulwane. Ngokufanayo, ibinzana elithi "household linen" lihlanganisa zonke izinto zendwangu ezisetshenziswa ekhaya, futhi ukuqina kwe-linen kuyenza ilungele ukusetshenziswa njalo nokuwashwa. Kusukela ekuhlobiseni ifenisha kuya emicamelo yokuhlobisa, iphethini yemvelo yemibimbi ye-linen nembala yayo yomhlaba iletha ukufudumala kunoma yiliphi igumbi. Embonini yendwangu, i-linen iphinde ihlanganiswe neminye imicu ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukuthinteka noma kwehliswe izindleko, kodwa i-linen emsulwa ihlala iyindinganiso yegolide ezimweni eziningi zokusetshenziswa. Noma ngabe ulungisa ikamelo lokulala, uhlobisa igumbi lokudlela, noma uklama ikhabethe lezingubo, i-linen inikeza ubuhle obungaphelelwa yisikhathi obungaze budlule.

Ukunakekela okufanele kubalulekile ukuze kwandiswe isikhathi sokuphila nokubukeka kwezinto zelineni, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi amahembe, amashidi, noma amatafula. I-linen ngokuvamile iyagezwa ngomshini emanzini afudumele noma abandayo, kodwa kubalulekile ukusebenzisa umculo othambile nokugwema i-chlorine bleach enokwenza buthaka imicu. Nakuba i-linen ingomiswa kumshini wokomisa ngezinga eliphansi, ukomiswa ngolayini kuncanyelwayo ngoba kunciphisa imibimbi futhi kugcina amandla endwangu. Kuyelulekwa ukuthi ukhiphe izingubo zelineni kumshini wokomisa zisemanzi kancane bese uyazi-iron ngezinga eliphezulu lokushisa nge-steam, uma kungenzeka, ukuze uthole ukuphela okuhle. Abantu abaningi empeleni bayayithanda imibimbi yemvelo yelineni, kodwa uma uthanda ukubukeka okubushelelezi, uku-iron ngenkathi indwangu imanzi kuzoletha imiphumela emihle kakhulu. Ukugcina i-linen endaweni epholile, eyomile kuyanconywa, futhi ngenxa yokuthi i-linen iyaphefumula, ayidingi izitsha ezingangeni moya. Mayelana nelineni yasendlini, njengamatafula nama-napkin, ukwelapha amabala ngokushesha ngesusa amabala esithambile kungavimbela amabala angapheli. Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-linen ingafakwa isitashi ukuze ibe nokuhleleka okwengeziwe, nakuba lokhu kuyintandokazi yomuntu ngamunye. Ngokulandela lezi ziyalezo zokunakekela, ungagcina izingcezu zakho zelineni zihle futhi zisebenza iminyaka eminingi, kuqinisekisa idumela lendwangu njengokutshalwa kwezimali kwesikhathi eside.

Ukukhetha ilinen akuyona nje into yemfashini; kuyisibopho sekhwalithi, ukunethezeka, nokusimama. Indwangu ibimelene nesikhathi izinkulungwane zeminyaka, ivumelana nezitayela ezishintshayo nobuchwepheshe ngaphandle kokulahlekelwa ubuhle bayo obuyisisekelo. Emabhizinisini embonini yezindwangu, ukunikeza imikhiqizo yelinen kungahlangabezana nemakethe ekhulayo yabathengi ababeka phambili izinto zemvelo nokukhiqizwa okunesimilo. Izinkampani ezinjenge-Ci-sheng, umkhiqizi ohamba phambili onolwazi lweminyaka engaphezu kwengu-45, zikhethekile ezindwangwini zemvelo ezihlanganisa ilinen, ukotini, ihemp, iramie, nezinketho eziphilayo. Ukuzinikela kwabo ekhwalithini nasebuqinisweni kubenze babe umlingani othembekile wemikhiqizo yomhlaba wonke, njengoba kugqanyiswa kwiwebhusayithi yabo.Mayelana NathiIkhasi. Uma ukhetha ilineni, ukhetha indwangu ephefumulayo, ehlala isikhathi eside, futhi ehlonipha umhlaba. Noma ngabe ungumthengisi ofuna ukwandisa uhlu lwakho lwemikhiqizo noma umuntu ofuna izingubo ezingaphelelwa yisikhathi, ilineni linikeza inhlanganisela engaqhathaniseka yokusebenza nokubukeka. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukukhanya kwemvelo kwelineni nokukwazi ukuthatha imibala kahle kukwenza kube intandokazi phakathi kwabaklami. Ngokunakekelwa okufanele, izinto zelineni zingadluliselwa ezizukulwaneni ngezizukulwane, zifanekisele umuzwa wamagugu nobungcweti obungavamile ezindwangwini zanamuhla. Lokhu kukhanga okuhlala njalo yikho okwenza ilineni lihlale liyisisekelo ezinhlelweni zabakhiqizi bendwangu futhi liyintandokazi emakhaya emhlabeni wonke.

Ilinen lenziwa ngemicu yesitshalo se-flax (Linum usitatissimum). Iziqu zesitshalo ziyavunwa, ziboliswe (noma zivunyelwe ukubola) ukuze kuhlukaniswe imicu, bese kucutshungulwa ukuze kukhishwe imicu emide, ebushelelezi egaywa ibe ntlambo futhi ilukwe ibe yindwangu. Lokhu kuvela kwemvelo kunika ilinen amandla alo nokuphefumula okukhethekile.

Yebo, ilinen livame ukubhekwa njengeliphakeme kukotoni ezindaweni ezishisayo nezinomswakama ngoba imicu yalo engenalutho ivumela ukujikeleza komoya okungcono nokukhipha umswakama. Ilinen futhi linendawo ephathekayo kancane engagxili esikhumbeni esijulukile, okwenza lizizwe lipholile futhi lihlanzekile kunekotoni emazingeni okushisa aphezulu.

Ilineni lingashwabana uma ligezwa ngamanzi ashisayo noma lomiswa ngokushisa okuphezulu, ikakhulukazi ezikhathini zokuqala zokuligeza. Ukunciphisa ukushwabana, kunconywa ukuthi ligezwe ngamanzi abandayo noma afudumele futhi lilengiswe ukuthi lome noma lomiswe ngomshini wokomisa ngokushisa okuphansi. Ilineni elivele lishwabene selikhona kubakhiqizi abaningi.

Uma ungathandi uku-ayina ilineni, ungabushabalalisa amafolda ngokufafaza indwangu ngamanzi bese ulilengisa ukuthi lome. Okunye, ukulomisa ilineni emshinini wokomisa ngetawula elimanzi kungasiza ekukhipheni amafolda. Abanye abantu bamukela imikhiqizo yemvelo njengengxenye yobuhle be-lineni obungakahleleki.

Yebo, ilineni isimeme kakhulu. I-flax idinga amanzi amancane kakhulu nezibulala-zinambuzane ezimbalwa kune-kotini, futhi isitshalo sonke siyasetshenziswa, kushiywe imfucumfucu encane. Ilineni nayo iyabola futhi ikhiqiza ukukhishwa kwegesi ebamba ukushisa okuncane uma iqhathaniswa nezintambo zokwenziwa, okwenza kube ukukhetha okunomthwalo wemfanelo kwemvelo.

I-household linen ibhekisela ezintweni zendwangu ezisetshenziswa ekhaya, njengamashidi, imicamelo, izembozo zokulala, amathawula, amatafula, ama-napkin, amakhethini, futhi kwesinye isikhathi izembozo zokuhlala. Ilineni iyathandwa kulezi zinto ngenxa yokuqina kwayo, ukumunca amanzi, nobuhle bemvelo.

NgesiSpanish, igama le-tablecloth lithi "mantel." Imizi eminingi ekhuluma isiSpanish isebenzisa ama-linen manteles ngemicimbi ekhethekile, njengoba i-linen inikeza ubuhle nokusebenza kahle ekudleni. Igama elithi "mantel" lingabuye libhekise ekumbozeni i-altare noma ifenisha.

Yebo, ngempela. I-linen iwumphahla wakudala wokwenza izihlalo ngenxa yamandla ayo nokumelana nemihuzuko ngokwemvelo. I-linen enzima noma ingxube ye-linen ivame ukusetshenziselwa amasofa, izihlalo, namakhethini. Inokuthungwa okuhlukile okwengeza ukujula empahleni, nakuba ingadinga ukunakekelwa okuthile ukuvimbela ukungcola.

Ngokugezwa ngakunye, imicu yemvelo yelinen yehla kancane, ikhiphe i-pectin nezinye izinto ezingaphezulu kwemicu. Le nqubo yenza imicu ngayinye ibe nokuvumelana kalula futhi ibushelelezi, okuholela ekuthinteni okuthambile. Ngokungafani nezindwangu zokwenziwa ezingase zonakale, i-linen ithuthuka ekuthambeni kwayo kuyilapho igcina ukuqina kwayo.

Ungathenga i-linen yezinga eliphezulu kubakhiqizi bezindwangu abakhethekile, ezitolo zezindwangu, nabathengisi be-inthanethi. Emabhizinisini afuna izindwangu eziningi, izinkampani ezifana ne-Ci-sheng zinikeza i-linen yangempela nezinye izindwangu zemvelo, futhi ungahlola Umkhiqizo ikhasi ukuze ubone uhla lwabo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-Xhumana Nathi ikhasi linikeza imibuzo eqondile.

Ilimu lidlula nje ukuba yindwangu; liwubufakazi obuphilayo bobuhlakani bomuntu nokuzibophezela ekuphileni ngokwemvelo. Kusukela emvelaphi yalo yasendulo ngaseNayile kuya ekusetshenzisweni kwalo kwanamuhla emfashinini ephezulu nasezintweni zasekhaya ezigcina imvelo, ilimu liye lahlala libalulekile. Ukuphefumula kwalo, ukuqina kwalo, nokukhiqizwa kwalo okungagcini imvelo kukwenza kube ukukhetha okuhle kakhulu kulabo abazazisayo induduzo nokusetshenziswa kwemikhiqizo ngokucabangela. Ngokuqonda umlando, izindlela zokukhiqiza, nezidingo zokunakekela ilimu, abathengi nabezebhizinisi ngokufanayo bangenza izinqumo ezinolwazi ezizuzisa kokubili izimpilo zabo nomhlaba. Noma ngabe ufuna ukuvuselela ikhabethe lakho ngezingubo zelinen noma ikhaya lakho ngelinen yasekhaya esezingeni eliphezulu, lendwangu inikeza isixazululo esithembekile nesihle. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngezinkampani ezifana ne-Ci-sheng ezihlinzeka ngemikhiqizo yelinen yangempela futhi engenziwa ngokwezifiso, ukuthola ilinen esezingeni eliphezulu akukaze kube lula kangaka. Njengoba sibheka ikusasa elisimeme kakhudlwana, ilinen ligqama njengokukhetha okungaphelelwa yisikhathi okusixhumanisa nesikhathi esedlule ngenkathi samukela izidingo zakusasa. Siyethemba ukuthi lo mhlahlandlela ukunikeze imininingwane ebalulekile futhi ukukhuthaza ukuthi uzwe ubukhazikhazi belinen ngokwakho.